Anticipating diseases through retinal imaging and genetics

A new study, recently published in Science Translational Medicine, sheds light on how retinal imaging and genetic analysis can help predict future eye and overall health issues, reports SciTechDaily.

Researchers from Mass Eye and Ear, affiliated with Mass General Brigham, and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard led the investigation.

The study found links between thinning of certain retinal layers and higher risks of eye problems, as well as conditions affecting the brain, heart, metabolism, and lungs. They also identified specific genes related to changes in retinal thickness.

This research suggests that retinal imaging could be a valuable tool for predicting various diseases, not just eye-related ones. Dr Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat, from Mass Eye and Ear and the Broad Institute, highlights the importance of using retinal images to spot potential health issues early on, allowing for preventive measures.

Dr Zekavat says, "We've come to realise recently that there is a lot more information that we can get from our retina images than we thought was possible."

Retinal imaging is already a common practice in eye care because it's non-invasive and offers valuable insights. This study indicates its potential for broader use in healthcare and collaboration across medical fields.

Previous studies have linked retinal health to ageing, diabetes, hypertension, dementia, and stroke.

Dr Nazlee Zebardast, from Mass Eye and Ear, underscores the significance of the information that retinal images can provide about overall health, including genetic and epidemiological factors.

Analysing data from nearly 45,000 participants, the researchers identified genetic markers associated with retinal thickness. Thinning of certain retinal layers was linked to several systemic health issues, although more research is needed to confirm these connections.

This study contributes to ongoing efforts to identify genetic markers for eye diseases like glaucoma, with the aim of developing personalised treatments. Retinal imaging, already widely used in eye care, shows promise for broader clinical applications.

Dr Zebardast envisions a future where retinal images offer valuable insights into patients' overall health, leading to proactive healthcare beyond just eye concerns.