Human development to decline this year for the first time in 30 years

Global human development, measured as a combination of the world's education, health and living standards, could decline this year for the first time since the concept was introduced in 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) warned on May 20.

UNDP Administrator Achim Steiner said, "The world has seen many crises over the past 30 years, including the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-09. Each has hit human development hard but, overall, development gains accrued globally year-on-year."

"Covid-19 – with its triple hit to health, education, and income – may change this trend," he added. 

Declines in fundamental areas of human development are being felt across most countries - rich and poor - in every region, says a UNDP press release.

Covid-19's global death toll has exceeded 300,000 people, while the global per capita income is expected to fall by four per cent in 2020.

With school closures, UNDP estimates of the "effective out-of-school rate"—the percentage of primary school-age children, adjusted to reflect those without Internet access -- indicate that 60 per cent of children are not getting an education, leading to global levels not seen since the 1980s.

The combined impact of these shocks could signify the largest reversal in human development on record.

This is not counting other significant effects, for instance, in the progress towards gender equality. 

The negative impacts on women and girls span economic - earning and saving less and greater job insecurity -, reproductive health, unpaid care work and gender-based violence.

Covid-19: A magnifying glass for inequalities

The drop in human development is expected to be much higher in developing countries that are less able to cope with the pandemic's social and economic fallout than richer nations.

In education, with schools closed and stark divides in access to online learning, UNDP estimates show that 86 per cent of children in primary education are now effectively out-of-school in countries with low human development—compared with just 20 per cent in countries with very high human development.

But with more equitable Internet access, - where countries close the gap with leaders in their development group, something feasible – the current gaps in education could close.

Determined, equity-focused interventions can help economies and societies rally, mitigating the far-reaching impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The importance of equity is emphasized in the United Nations' framework for the immediate socio-economic response to Covid-19 crisis, which sets out a green, gender-equal, good governance baseline from which to build a 'new normal.' 

Recommendations

It recommends five priority steps to tackle the complexity of this crisis: protecting health systems and services; ramping up social protection; protecting jobs, small- and medium-sized businesses and informal sector workers; making macroeconomic policies work for everyone; and promoting peace, good governance and trust to build social cohesion. 

UNDP calls on the international community to rapidly invest in the ability of developing countries to follow these steps.